|
The Takbīr (), also written ''Tekbir'' or ''Takbeer'', is the term for the Arabic phrase ' (), usually translated as "Allah is great", "Allah is () greatest", "God is great" or "God is () greatest".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.raleighmasjid.org/how-to-pray/times.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://middleeast.about.com/od/a/g/allahu-akbar-definition.htm )〕 It is a common Islamic Arabic expression, used in various contexts by Muslims; in formal prayer, in the call for prayer (adhān), as an informal expression of faith, in times of distress, or to express resolute determination. The form ' is the nominative of ''Allah'', meaning "God". In the context of Islam, it is the proper name of God.〔Böwering, Gerhard, ''God and His Attributes'', Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān, Brill, 2007.〕〔Macdonald, D. B. ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', 2nd edition. Brill, 1971. Volume 3, H-Iram, p. 1093, ''Ilah''.〕 The form ' is the elative of the adjective ', meaning "great", from the Semitic root '. As used in the it is usually translated as "greatest", but some authors prefer "greater".〔E. W. Lane, ''Arabic English Lexicon'', 1893, gives for ''kabir'': "greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity, and more, or most, advanced in age, older, and oldest" ((p. 2587) ).〕〔"The formula, as the briefest expression of the absolute superiority of the One God, is used in Muslim life in different circumstances, in which the idea of God, His greatness and goodness is suggested." Wensinck, A. J. ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', 2nd edition. Brill, 2000. Volume 10, T-U, p. 119, Takbir. 〕 The term ' itself is the stem II verbal noun (') of the triliteral root ', meaning "great", from which ''Akbar'' "greater" is derived. The literal and correct translation of Allāhu Akbar (الله أكبر) in Arabic is “God is greater” rather than “God is great” Allāhu kabeer (الله كبير) or “God is () greatest” Allāhu alakbar (الله الأكبر). This is the true meaning in the usage of this phrase too as to downgrade any entity or concept that seems to be great by recalling that “God is greater ()”. It is used to emphasize that God is greater than any real entity or imaginary concept one may appreciate. In the call for prayer, it means God is greater than worldly affairs. In battlefields, God is greater than the enemy or distress. In religious conviction, God is still greater than any theology. The phrase is well known in the West for its common use as a battle cry in Islamist protests, Islamic extremism, and Islamic terrorism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Symbolism in Terrorism )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Obama, the Media, and Framing the U.S. Exit from Iraq and Afghanistan )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islam in Russia )〕 ==Usage== This phrase is recited by Muslims and Arabic speaking Orthodox Christians in many different situations. For example, when they are very happy, to express approval, to prevent a Muslim from becoming prideful by reminding them that Allah is their source of success, or as a battle cry, during times of extreme stress. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Takbir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|